The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.